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Flood
in Bangladesh
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| Inundation and Damage
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Flood
in Bangladesh: |
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Floods
are natural and recurrent phenomena that inundate about one-fifth of the
country each year,
while severe and devastating floods with a return period of 100 years
inundate more than 60 percent
of the country. The difference of peak water levels between the 2 and
20-year return period is about
two-meter, with only one-meter difference between the 20 and 100-year
return period. Due to the
country's flat topography, just a small increase in water level above
the bank causes full-scale
inundation.
Floods are categorized based on spatiality, timing, intensity and duration
into three groups: |
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Coverage
of Inundation and Damage Caused by Major Floods, 1954-1998:
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The country has experienced 16 large floods in the last 45 years since
1954. The damages caused
by the annual floods and particularly by the devastating abnormal ones
are enormous. The 1987 flood
completely or partially damaged 2.06 million houses (or 16.67% of the
national housing stock). The
1988 flood had displaced and affected an estimated 45 million people
and destroyed or partially
damaged 12.8 million houses of which 5.4 million were completely destroyed
and 7.4 million were
partially damaged (BBS 1989, p.317). The loss of standing crops and
livestock and damage to rural
and urban infrastructures have also been colossal. The 1998 flood affected
30.92 million people
in 52 out of the 64 districts (Bureau of Disaster Management handout,
Nov.1998). An estimated
916,660 houses were totally damaged with another 1,300,000 houses damaged
partially,
(UNCHS 1998, p. 9).
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Coverage
of Inundation and Damage Caused by Major Floods, 1954-1998: |
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Year
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Flooded
Area
(sq. km.)
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Percentage
of total
area
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Cost
of damage (approx. million taka)
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Population
affected (approx. million persons)2
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Death
(number of persons)2
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1954
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36,920
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25
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1,200
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112
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1955
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50,700
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34
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1,290
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129
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1956
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35,620
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24
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900
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1962
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37,440
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25
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560
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117
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1963
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43,180
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29
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580
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1968
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37,300
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25
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1,160
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126
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1970
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42,640
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28
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1,100
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87
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1971
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36,475
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24
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120
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1974
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52,720
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35
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28,490
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30
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1987
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1984
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28,314
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19
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4,500
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20
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553
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1987
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57,491
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38
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35,000
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30
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1657
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1988
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77,700
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52
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100,000
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47
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2379
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1998
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84,000
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100,000
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30
(approx.)
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1000
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1000
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| Source1:BWDB,
Source2:Bureau of Disaster Management.GOB |
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Copyright
© 2005, Bangladesh Water Development Board |
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